I am developing an Alfresco client based on REST APIs.
But I haven't found a method that allows to retrieve a version with its node-uuid without knowing its parent UUID
[ base url: /alfresco/api/-default-/public/alfresco/versions/1 , api version: 1 ]

Below Rest api retrieve the version history for the file without knowing parent uuid.
http://localhost:8080/alfresco/api/-default-/public/alfresco/versions/1/nodes/{{fileId}}/versions
This one will provide the exact information's of version 1.0, same way you can retrieve all the versions. http://localhost:8080/alfresco/api/-default-/public/alfresco/versions/1/nodes/695b8a62-b566-4d49-9a4f-8f509f8cae59/versions/1.0
The below code Return version history as a paged list of version node infos.