I write a code for driving a sensor and read data from STM32F401RCT6 with USB transmission . Unfortunately my output data is ascii which are some shapes and unknown characters , I don't know how can I convert them into decimal. Can anyone tell me where is the code should I write conversion code , please?
Here's my code in CubeIDE :
/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
******************************************************************************
* @file : main.c
* @brief : Main program body
******************************************************************************
* @attention
*
* <h2><center>© Copyright (c) 2023 STMicroelectronics.
* All rights reserved.</center></h2>
*
* This software component is licensed by ST under BSD 3-Clause license,
* the "License"; You may not use this file except in compliance with the
* License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
* opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause
*
******************************************************************************
*/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes */
#include "main.h"
#include "usb_device.h"
/* Private includes */
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
/* USER CODE END Includes */
/* Private typedef */
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */
/* USER CODE END PTD */
/* Private define */
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
/* USER CODE END PD */
/* Private macro */
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */
/* USER CODE END PM */
/* Private variables */
ADC_HandleTypeDef hadc1;
DMA_HandleTypeDef hdma_adc1;
TIM_HandleTypeDef htim2;
TIM_HandleTypeDef htim3;
TIM_HandleTypeDef htim4;
TIM_HandleTypeDef htim5;
/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
/* USER CODE END PV */
/* Private function prototypes */
void SystemClock_Config(void);
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void);
static void MX_DMA_Init(void);
static void MX_TIM2_Init(void);
static void MX_TIM3_Init(void);
static void MX_TIM4_Init(void);
static void MX_TIM5_Init(void);
static void MX_ADC1_Init(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */
/* USER CODE END PFP */
/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
#define CCDBuffer 6000
volatile uint16_t CCDPixelBuffer[CCDBuffer];
/* USER CODE END 0 */
/**
* @brief The application entry point.
* @retval int
*/
int main(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
/* USER CODE END 1 */
/* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
HAL_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN Init */
/* USER CODE END Init */
/* Configure the system clock */
SystemClock_Config();
/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */
/* USER CODE END SysInit */
/* Initialize all configured peripherals */
MX_GPIO_Init();
MX_USB_DEVICE_Init();
MX_TIM3_Init();
MX_TIM4_Init();
MX_TIM2_Init();
MX_DMA_Init();
MX_ADC1_Init();
MX_TIM5_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
HAL_TIM_PWM_Start(&htim3, TIM_CHANNEL_1); //PA6 - fM
HAL_TIM_PWM_Start(&htim4, TIM_CHANNEL_4); //ADC
HAL_TIM_PWM_Start(&htim2, TIM_CHANNEL_1); //PA0 - ICG
__HAL_TIM_SET_COUNTER(&htim2, 66); //600 ns delay
HAL_TIM_PWM_Start(&htim5, TIM_CHANNEL_3); //PA2 - SH
/* USER CODE END 2 */
/* Infinite loop */
/* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
while (1)
{
/* USER CODE END WHILE */
/* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
HAL_ADC_Start_DMA(&hadc1, (uint32_t*) CCDPixelBuffer, CCDBuffer);
}
/* USER CODE END 3 */
}
/**
* @brief System Clock Configuration
* @retval None
*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};
/** Configure the main internal regulator output voltage
*/
__HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_ENABLE();
__HAL_PWR_VOLTAGESCALING_CONFIG(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE2);
/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB busses clocks
*/
RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLM = 25;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLN = 336;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLP = RCC_PLLP_DIV4;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLQ = 7;
if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB busses clocks
*/
RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
}
/**
* @brief ADC1 Initialization Function
* @param None
* @retval None
*/
static void MX_ADC1_Init(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN ADC1_Init 0 */
/* USER CODE END ADC1_Init 0 */
ADC_ChannelConfTypeDef sConfig = {0};
/* USER CODE BEGIN ADC1_Init 1 */
/* USER CODE END ADC1_Init 1 */
/** Configure the global features of the ADC (Clock, Resolution, Data Alignment and number of conversion)
*/
hadc1.Instance = ADC1;
hadc1.Init.ClockPrescaler = ADC_CLOCK_SYNC_PCLK_DIV4;
hadc1.Init.Resolution = ADC_RESOLUTION_12B;
hadc1.Init.ScanConvMode = DISABLE;
hadc1.Init.ContinuousConvMode = DISABLE;
hadc1.Init.DiscontinuousConvMode = DISABLE;
hadc1.Init.ExternalTrigConvEdge = ADC_EXTERNALTRIGCONVEDGE_RISING;
hadc1.Init.ExternalTrigConv = ADC_EXTERNALTRIGCONV_T4_CC4;
hadc1.Init.DataAlign = ADC_DATAALIGN_RIGHT;
hadc1.Init.NbrOfConversion = 1;
hadc1.Init.DMAContinuousRequests = ENABLE;
hadc1.Init.EOCSelection = ADC_EOC_SINGLE_CONV;
if (HAL_ADC_Init(&hadc1) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
/** Configure for the selected ADC regular channel its corresponding rank in the sequencer and its sample time.
*/
sConfig.Channel = ADC_CHANNEL_3;
sConfig.Rank = 1;
sConfig.SamplingTime = ADC_SAMPLETIME_3CYCLES;
if (HAL_ADC_ConfigChannel(&hadc1, &sConfig) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
/* USER CODE BEGIN ADC1_Init 2 */
/* USER CODE END ADC1_Init 2 */
}
/**
* @brief TIM2 Initialization Function
* @param None
* @retval None
*/
static void MX_TIM2_Init(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN TIM2_Init 0 */
/* USER CODE END TIM2_Init 0 */
TIM_ClockConfigTypeDef sClockSourceConfig = {0};
TIM_MasterConfigTypeDef sMasterConfig = {0};
TIM_OC_InitTypeDef sConfigOC = {0};
/* USER CODE BEGIN TIM2_Init 1 */
/* USER CODE END TIM2_Init 1 */
htim2.Instance = TIM2;
htim2.Init.Prescaler = 0;
htim2.Init.CounterMode = TIM_COUNTERMODE_UP;
htim2.Init.Period = 630000-1;
htim2.Init.ClockDivision = TIM_CLOCKDIVISION_DIV1;
htim2.Init.AutoReloadPreload = TIM_AUTORELOAD_PRELOAD_DISABLE;
if (HAL_TIM_Base_Init(&htim2) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
sClockSourceConfig.ClockSource = TIM_CLOCKSOURCE_INTERNAL;
if (HAL_TIM_ConfigClockSource(&htim2, &sClockSourceConfig) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
if (HAL_TIM_PWM_Init(&htim2) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
sMasterConfig.MasterOutputTrigger = TIM_TRGO_ENABLE;
sMasterConfig.MasterSlaveMode = TIM_MASTERSLAVEMODE_ENABLE;
if (HAL_TIMEx_MasterConfigSynchronization(&htim2, &sMasterConfig) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
sConfigOC.OCMode = TIM_OCMODE_PWM1;
sConfigOC.Pulse = 840-1;
sConfigOC.OCPolarity = TIM_OCPOLARITY_HIGH;
sConfigOC.OCFastMode = TIM_OCFAST_DISABLE;
if (HAL_TIM_PWM_ConfigChannel(&htim2, &sConfigOC, TIM_CHANNEL_1) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
/* USER CODE BEGIN TIM2_Init 2 */
/* USER CODE END TIM2_Init 2 */
HAL_TIM_MspPostInit(&htim2);
}
/**
* @brief TIM3 Initialization Function
* @param None
* @retval None
*/
static void MX_TIM3_Init(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN TIM3_Init 0 */
/* USER CODE END TIM3_Init 0 */
TIM_ClockConfigTypeDef sClockSourceConfig = {0};
TIM_MasterConfigTypeDef sMasterConfig = {0};
TIM_OC_InitTypeDef sConfigOC = {0};
/* USER CODE BEGIN TIM3_Init 1 */
/* USER CODE END TIM3_Init 1 */
htim3.Instance = TIM3;
htim3.Init.Prescaler = 0;
htim3.Init.CounterMode = TIM_COUNTERMODE_UP;
htim3.Init.Period = 42-1;
htim3.Init.ClockDivision = TIM_CLOCKDIVISION_DIV1;
htim3.Init.AutoReloadPreload = TIM_AUTORELOAD_PRELOAD_DISABLE;
if (HAL_TIM_Base_Init(&htim3) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
sClockSourceConfig.ClockSource = TIM_CLOCKSOURCE_INTERNAL;
if (HAL_TIM_ConfigClockSource(&htim3, &sClockSourceConfig) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
if (HAL_TIM_PWM_Init(&htim3) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
sMasterConfig.MasterOutputTrigger = TIM_TRGO_RESET;
sMasterConfig.MasterSlaveMode = TIM_MASTERSLAVEMODE_DISABLE;
if (HAL_TIMEx_MasterConfigSynchronization(&htim3, &sMasterConfig) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
sConfigOC.OCMode = TIM_OCMODE_PWM1;
sConfigOC.Pulse = 21-1;
sConfigOC.OCPolarity = TIM_OCPOLARITY_HIGH;
sConfigOC.OCFastMode = TIM_OCFAST_DISABLE;
if (HAL_TIM_PWM_ConfigChannel(&htim3, &sConfigOC, TIM_CHANNEL_1) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
/* USER CODE BEGIN TIM3_Init 2 */
/* USER CODE END TIM3_Init 2 */
HAL_TIM_MspPostInit(&htim3);
}
/**
* @brief TIM4 Initialization Function
* @param None
* @retval None
*/
static void MX_TIM4_Init(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN TIM4_Init 0 */
/* USER CODE END TIM4_Init 0 */
TIM_ClockConfigTypeDef sClockSourceConfig = {0};
TIM_MasterConfigTypeDef sMasterConfig = {0};
TIM_OC_InitTypeDef sConfigOC = {0};
/* USER CODE BEGIN TIM4_Init 1 */
/* USER CODE END TIM4_Init 1 */
htim4.Instance = TIM4;
htim4.Init.Prescaler = 0;
htim4.Init.CounterMode = TIM_COUNTERMODE_UP;
htim4.Init.Period = 168-1;
htim4.Init.ClockDivision = TIM_CLOCKDIVISION_DIV1;
htim4.Init.AutoReloadPreload = TIM_AUTORELOAD_PRELOAD_DISABLE;
if (HAL_TIM_Base_Init(&htim4) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
sClockSourceConfig.ClockSource = TIM_CLOCKSOURCE_INTERNAL;
if (HAL_TIM_ConfigClockSource(&htim4, &sClockSourceConfig) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
if (HAL_TIM_PWM_Init(&htim4) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
sMasterConfig.MasterOutputTrigger = TIM_TRGO_RESET;
sMasterConfig.MasterSlaveMode = TIM_MASTERSLAVEMODE_DISABLE;
if (HAL_TIMEx_MasterConfigSynchronization(&htim4, &sMasterConfig) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
sConfigOC.OCMode = TIM_OCMODE_PWM1;
sConfigOC.Pulse = 42-1;
sConfigOC.OCPolarity = TIM_OCPOLARITY_HIGH;
sConfigOC.OCFastMode = TIM_OCFAST_DISABLE;
if (HAL_TIM_PWM_ConfigChannel(&htim4, &sConfigOC, TIM_CHANNEL_4) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
/* USER CODE BEGIN TIM4_Init 2 */
/* USER CODE END TIM4_Init 2 */
}
/**
* @brief TIM5 Initialization Function
* @param None
* @retval None
*/
static void MX_TIM5_Init(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN TIM5_Init 0 */
/* USER CODE END TIM5_Init 0 */
TIM_ClockConfigTypeDef sClockSourceConfig = {0};
TIM_SlaveConfigTypeDef sSlaveConfig = {0};
TIM_MasterConfigTypeDef sMasterConfig = {0};
TIM_OC_InitTypeDef sConfigOC = {0};
/* USER CODE BEGIN TIM5_Init 1 */
/* USER CODE END TIM5_Init 1 */
htim5.Instance = TIM5;
htim5.Init.Prescaler = 0;
htim5.Init.CounterMode = TIM_COUNTERMODE_UP;
htim5.Init.Period = 1680-1;
htim5.Init.ClockDivision = TIM_CLOCKDIVISION_DIV1;
htim5.Init.AutoReloadPreload = TIM_AUTORELOAD_PRELOAD_DISABLE;
if (HAL_TIM_Base_Init(&htim5) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
sClockSourceConfig.ClockSource = TIM_CLOCKSOURCE_INTERNAL;
if (HAL_TIM_ConfigClockSource(&htim5, &sClockSourceConfig) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
if (HAL_TIM_PWM_Init(&htim5) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
sSlaveConfig.SlaveMode = TIM_SLAVEMODE_TRIGGER;
sSlaveConfig.InputTrigger = TIM_TS_ITR0;
if (HAL_TIM_SlaveConfigSynchro(&htim5, &sSlaveConfig) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
sMasterConfig.MasterOutputTrigger = TIM_TRGO_RESET;
sMasterConfig.MasterSlaveMode = TIM_MASTERSLAVEMODE_ENABLE;
if (HAL_TIMEx_MasterConfigSynchronization(&htim5, &sMasterConfig) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
sConfigOC.OCMode = TIM_OCMODE_PWM1;
sConfigOC.Pulse = 336-1;
sConfigOC.OCPolarity = TIM_OCPOLARITY_LOW;
sConfigOC.OCFastMode = TIM_OCFAST_DISABLE;
if (HAL_TIM_PWM_ConfigChannel(&htim5, &sConfigOC, TIM_CHANNEL_3) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
/* USER CODE BEGIN TIM5_Init 2 */
/* USER CODE END TIM5_Init 2 */
HAL_TIM_MspPostInit(&htim5);
}
/**
* Enable DMA controller clock
*/
static void MX_DMA_Init(void)
{
/* DMA controller clock enable */
__HAL_RCC_DMA2_CLK_ENABLE();
/* DMA interrupt init */
/* DMA2_Stream0_IRQn interrupt configuration */
HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(DMA2_Stream0_IRQn, 0, 0);
HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(DMA2_Stream0_IRQn);
}
/**
* @brief GPIO Initialization Function
* @param None
* @retval None
*/
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void)
{
/* GPIO Ports Clock Enable */
__HAL_RCC_GPIOH_CLK_ENABLE();
__HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
}
/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
void HAL_ADC_ConvCpltCallback(ADC_HandleTypeDef* hadc)
{
CDC_Transmit_FS((uint8_t*) CCDPixelBuffer, CCDBuffer);
}
/* USER CODE END 4 */
/**
* @brief This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
* @retval None
*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}
#ifdef USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
* @brief Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
* where the assert_param error has occurred.
* @param file: pointer to the source file name
* @param line: assert_param error line source number
* @retval None
*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
tex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
/* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */
/************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/
I tried using this conversion method that I'll say below , but I saw nothing in the output. First I created header file (.h) :
/*
* ascii_conversion.h
*
* Created on: Feb 11, 2024
* Author: elecs
*/
#ifndef INC_ASCII_CONVERSION_H_
#define INC_ASCII_CONVERSION_H_
#include "stdint.h"
char* AppendString(const char* str1, const char* str2);
char* GetSubString(char* str, int index, int count);
char* InsertString(char* str, int index, char* subStr);
char* ASCIIToDecimal(char* str);
#endif /* INC_ASCII_CONVERSION_H_ */
then I created .c file :
/*
* ascii_conversion.c
*
* Created on: Feb 11, 2024
* Author: elecs
*/
#include "stdio.h"
#include "stdint.h"
#include "string.h"
#include "stdlib.h"
#include "ascii_conversion.h"
void intToStr(int value, char* str, int radix) {
sprintf(str, "%d", value);
}
char* AppendString(const char* str1, const char* str2) {
int str1Len = strlen(str1);
int str2Len = strlen(str2);
char* result = malloc(str1Len + str2Len + 1);
for (int i = 0; i < str1Len; i++) {
result[i] = str1[i];
}
for (int i = 0; i < str2Len; i++) {
result[str1Len + i] = str2[i];
}
result[str1Len + str2Len] = '\0';
return result;
}
char* GetSubString(char* str, int index, int count) {
int strLen = strlen(str);
int lastIndex = index + count;
if (index >= 0 && lastIndex > strLen) return "";
char* subStr = malloc(count + 1);
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
subStr[i] = str[index + i];
}
subStr[count] = '\0';
return subStr;
}
char* InsertString(char* str, int index, char* subStr) {
char* s = GetSubString(str, 0, index);
s = AppendString(s, subStr);
s = AppendString(s, GetSubString(str, index, strlen(str) - index));
return s;
}
char* ASCIIToDecimal(char* str) {
char* dec = "";
int strLen = strlen(str);
for (int i = 0; i < strLen; ++i) {
char* cDec = malloc(11);
intToStr(str[i], cDec, 10);
int cDecLen = strlen(cDec);
if (cDecLen < 3) {
for (size_t j = 0; j < (3 - cDecLen); j++) {
cDec = InsertString(cDec, 0, "0");
}
}
dec = AppendString(dec, cDec);
}
return dec;
}