How do I set the API cache directory apicache-py3 and throttle.ctrl for pywikibot?

Question

By default pywikibot makes a cache directory apicache-py3 and a file throttle.ctrl in the current directory, from where I run my Python script.

I would like pywikibot to put those elsewhere, e.g. in ../data. How can I direct pywikibot, from my Python script, to do that?