Mapping two 3D matrices of different sizes to each other

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I have two matrices MRI scans of completely different sizes (141x172x110 and 176x208x176). I need to map the larger matrix B to the smaller one A. The values of matrix A are regions of a brain - an atlas, and the values of matrix B are the type of brain matter. I need to figure out from which region of the brain each index in B comes. Each index is a 1mm square area of space in both matrices. Each matrix is centered at the middle index in each matrix (median of each dimension), so overlaying the two matrices will create some overlap with boundaries of each index. I imagine some solution like Euclidean distance or majority vote is feasible, but not sure where to begin. Any ideas?

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Justas On

Looks like what you really need is to scale up the smaller matrix to the same (probably proportional) size as the larger matrix and use interpolation. You should be able to use this answer:

resizing 3D matrix (image) in MATLAB